In general, wastewater treatment methods can be divided into three main categories: physical, chemical and biological. It is not uncommon if one of the above methods can meet all the requirements of the purification system. Therefore, in most cases, it is necessary to use a combination of the above methods.
1- Physical methods
In this method, physical forces are used to separate materials from the sewage stream. Due to the simplicity of this process, physical methods have been the first methods used in wastewater treatment.
Cost is lower than other methods and we have always tried to use the maximum power of this method in selecting wastewater treatment processes.
Garbage collection, granulation, sedimentation, flotation, degreasing and filtration are all examples of physical methods in wastewater treatment.
2- Chemical methods
In this method, the process of separation or conversion of contaminants is done by adding chemicals and as a result, chemical reactions of those materials. The complexity of these processes is far greater than physical methods.
Sophistication makes it relatively difficult to use chemical methods. Therefore, as much as possible, try to use less chemical methods in the treatment system. Also, the cost of purchasing and storing the required chemicals is in some cases the biggest obstacle in the application of chemical processes.
Chemical precipitation (coagulation and disinfection) with chlorine and its compounds are among the most important chemical methods used in wastewater treatment.
3- Biological methods
The methods in which biological processes are used to treat wastewater are called biological methods. In these methods, microorganisms (especially bacteria) play a major role in the treatment process because they use their internal mechanisms to absorb organic matter in the wastewater and use it to produce new cells and gain energy.
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